Thursday, 6 March 2014

Thai Question Structures and Words



You probably know how to form a simple question by adding the question word 'mái' to the end of a statement.

?  มั้ย mái 
?  ไม่  mâi (the formal or written form)
?  หรือ rʉ̌ʉ or เหรอ rə̌ə (used when seeking confirmation)
?  ป่ะ bpà (informal, slang)

For example
Is it hot? ร้อน มั้ย?  rɔ́ɔn mái?

Here are some other ways to ask questions:

Question words are placed at the end of a sentence, verb, adjective or adverb unlike in English. 

So in Thai the structure is Statement + question word

The question "when?" however can go at the front of the statement as well.

Confirmation question
okay?  ใช่ มั้ย châi mái 
is used when the speaker shows some reasonably high confidence toward the information and simply want the listener to confirm it. It’s called a confirmation question or, in legal terms, a leading or closed question.
ใช่ ม่าย châi mâai  is the non- standard form used in written or formal contexts
ใช่ มะ  châi má   is the short form or more colloquial form

Specific Question Words
what? - อะไร  à~rai
where? - ที่ไหน  tîi-nǎi
why? -  ทำไม  tam-mai
who? - ใคร่ krâi
when? - เมื่อไร mʉ̂ʉa-rai
which? - อันไหน  an-nǎi
         or - แบบไหน bɛ̀ɛp-nǎi
how? - อย่างไร yàang-rai or
             ยังไง yang-ngai

An especially useful way to give a non-committal answer to any of the above questions is follow the question word with  “gɔ̂ɔ-dâai” as follows:

à~rai-gɔ̂ɔ-dâai  อะไก็ได้ “whatever”/”whatever you like”/”anything’s cool” etc etc.
krai-gɔ̂ɔ-dâai  ใครก็ได้ 
“Who(m)ever”
tîi-nǎi-gɔ̂ɔ-dâai ที่ไหนก็ได้ “wherever”
mʉ̂ʉa-dai-gɔ̂ɔ-dâai เมื่อใดก็ได้ “whenever”
yàang-rai-gɔ̂ɔ-dâai   อย่างไรก็ได้ “however” (as in “any way you like”, not as a synonym for “But”).

how much? - เท่าไหร่  tâo-rài
how many? - กี่ gìi
how often บ่อยแค่ไหน : bɔ̀i-kɛ̂ɛ-nǎi
or not? - หรือ เปล่า rʉ̌ʉ bplàao
               or just หรือ rʉ̌ʉ
or not? - ป่ะ bpà (informal, slang)
or not yet? - หรือ ยัง  rʉ̌ʉ yang

can I? ได้  ไม่ dâai mâi

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