Yam Som O

Yam Som O (ยำส้มโอ) - Thai Pomelo and Prawn Salad

Yam Som O is the epitome of the classic Thai dish. It has the finely balanced flavours of sweet, sour, salty and spicy with the uniquely Thai fruit, the Som O, along with Thai chili jam (nam prik pao), the ubiquitous Thai fish sauce, shredded fresh coconut, coriander, Thai shallots, palm sugar, lime juice and lemon grass. It is a fabulously refreshing summer salad that can be served as a main dish with a few simple accompaniments. The Som O or Pomelo is one of the largest citrus fruits in Southeast Asia. Ripe Som O has an only slightly acidic taste not like the grapefruit we know in Australia. The rind is very easy to peel off and it has some great health benefits as well.

Apart from ingredients we had in the kitchen or grow at home we purchased from the local fresh Thai market the Som O $1, 300g green prawns $2.80, bunches old coriander and mint 40, each and 20g freshly shredded 20c, total $4.60.

Serves 2

Preparation time: 2 glasses of Sauvignon Blanc or I large beer Chang

Ingredients:

One large Som O (ยำส้ม) peeled and cut into separated segments making sure there is no pith. This is so easy to do – forget about trying to segment oranges for crepe suzette.

300 g sautéed or cooked medium sized prawns peeled (gûng กุ้ง)

4 tbsp dry roasted shredded coconut (má~práao มะพร้าว)

4 tbsp dry roasted peanuts or cashews (mét má~mûuang-hǐm-má~paan เม็ดมะม่วงหิมพานต์)

2 tbsp fried crispy chopped Thai shallots (hɔ̌ɔm-dɛɛng grɔ̀ɔp หอมแดงกรอบ)

½ cup coriander leaves (nám-bplaa น้ำปลา)

½ cup mint leaves (sà~rá~nɛ̀ɛ สะระแหน่)

Ingredients for Dressing:

½ tbsp fish sauce (nám-bplaa น้ำปลา)

1 tbsp palm sugar (nám-dtaan น้ำตาล)

2 tbsp lime juice (nám má~naao น้ำมะนาว)

1 ½ tbsp roasted chilli jam (nám-prík-pǎo น้ำพริกเผา)

1 tbsp finely chopped lemon grass (soft part only) (dtà~krái ตะไคร้)

In a dressing bowl, add roasted chili paste, lemon grass, palm sugar, fish sauce and lime juice. Stir well.

In a mixing bowl, add Som O, prawns, fried shallots, roasted shredded coconut and peanuts, coriander and mint leaves and toss with dressing.

Garnish with kaffir lime leaves and sliced red spur chili.

Cooking Note

To fry shallots, peel the skin off and thinly slice. Heat 2 tbsp of cooking oil in a frying pan over low to medium heat. Add shallot and fry until golden brown. Set aside and discard the oil. Or just use the readymade ones available at any good Asian grocery store.

The new Thai surrogacy came into effect on 30 July 2015.

http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/general/637960/law-banning-commercial-surrogacy-takes-effect-thursday,

Breaking news Surrogacy Thailand

Breaking news Surrogacy Thailand
http://www.smh.com.au/world/thailand-bans-foreign-surrogacy-after-baby-gammy-affair-20150220-13ksrm.html

New Thai Surrogact Laws

New Surrogacy Laws in Thailand

By Joe Lynch                     

Australian Specialist Family Lawyer

Senior Consultant Foreign Lawyer

Lanna Lawyers, Thailand

lynchlaw.net.au@gmail.com

Thailand's reputation as a surrogacy centre is well known.  Thailand’s medical and hospital services are world-class and many of the world's leading IVF clinics are located in Bangkok and other large Thai cities.  Thai surrogate mothers are well regarded because of their healthy lifestyle and there caring dispositions.

All of these factors have made Thailand a favoured destination for surrogacy and IVF procedures.  With the trend for people to enter into permanent relationships later in life, the inability to have children is increasing. Childless couples are increasingly looking to Thailand and elsewhere to allow them to have children through IVF technologies available where are no laws prohibiting this and it is also affordable. In Australia it was recently reported by the Australian Broadcasting Commission that IVF procedures increased by more than 40% over a two-year period. It appears to be continuing to increase exponentially despite draconian legislative regimes. The demand for surrogacy and other artificial conception procedures is rapidly increasing throughout the world.

Existing Thai Surrogacy Laws

There are presently no laws governing surrogacy in the kingdom of Thailand.  Surrogacy is neither permitted nor prohibited by law.  At the present time, under the Thai Civil and Commercial Code where a child is born to an unwed mother she is the sole person who has legal rights in respect of that child. Where a child is born to a mother who is married she and her husband are the only persons who have legal rights in respect of the child

Under section1546 of the Thai Civil and Commercial Code the father of a child who is not married to the mother at time of birth has no parental rights even if he is recorded on the birth certificate and/or can prove that he is the biological father with DNA testing.

Under section 1547 there are three exceptions to section 1546.

These are

•             There is a subsequent marriage between the parents.

•             There is a subsequent recording of the father’s status confirming his rights and obligations at the Amphur (local government) office.

•             There is an order of the Court confirming the father’s rights and obligations.

Registration at the Amphur office is uncertain and is not permitted until the child is at least seven years of age.

As there are no Thai laws relating to surrogacy so it has been difficult to convince a court to make an order although orders have been made by the consent of the parties.

Section 1546 of the Thai Civil and Commercial Code provides

“A child born of a woman who is not married to a man is deemed to be the legitimate child of the woman”.

This provision precludes the possibility of any parenting rights being vested in the egg donor.

The absence of laws governing surrogacy has created a legal and ethical quagmire.  Recognising this, the Thai Cabinet  in 2010 approved draft legislation for the protection of children born through surrogacy, for the protection of surrogate mothers and to regulate the legal relationships between commissioning parents and surrogate mothers. The proposed legislation was contained in the Assisted Reproductive Technologies Bill, bill number 167/2553 approved in May 2010 but the legislation was never enacted.

Further controversy concerning surrogacy erupted in August 2014.  At that time, in the baby Gammy case, an Australian couple, including the biological fathe, abandoned one of a set of twins who was born severely handicapped.  It subsequently emerged that the father had convictions for  paedophilia offences.  Shortly afterwards it was discovered that a Japanese man had fathered of a large number of children through surrogacy. The whole issue was sensationalised by the media and subsequently a specialist IVF medical practitioner has been charged with a number of serious offences. The Thai government, being the current military junta, announced that it would introduce legislation to regulate surrogacy.  In November 2014, Thailand’s National Legislative Assembly approved the draft surrogacy law in the first reading - and appointed an 18-member committee to review the draft. Only a few members voted no and a couple abstained. The Thai Medical Council has again been involved in the process and at the present time it is understood that it is proposed that surrogacy arrangements will be permitted where the intended parents are genuine, presumably this means that they are unable to have children in the conventional way, that altruistic surrogacy is not available to them and they are married. It is not clear whether the legislation will permit surrogacy arrangements will do a factor couples and same sex couples. Discussions are still taking place as to the precise form of the legislation and it seems that any new laws will be some time off being enavted. It is also proposed that commercial surrogacy will be banned. What is not known is how narowly the expression “commercial surrogacy” will be defined.

There is certainly a need to regulate the surrogacy industry in Thailand through appropriate legislation. There needs to be a screening of both intended parents and surrogates mothers before embarking on any surrogacy arrangement. There also needs to be transparency in the arrangement between the intended parents and the surrogates mother. At the present time there has been instances of unscrupulous agents skimming payments agreed to be paid to the surrogates by the intended parents in addition to collecting an agreed fee. Finally, there needs to be appropriate protection provided to the intended parents, the surrogates mothers and the children born throgh sirrogacy arrangements.

However, the  present position is, however, that there are no laws in Thailand governing surrogacy.

Given that there will be laws governing surrogacy in Thailand in the foreseeable future it is worth considering what was proposed in the 2010 draft Bill as any new law is likely to follow a similar pattern.

The main provisions relating to surrogacy in the draft Act were as follows:

Surrogacy procedures were  to be subject to the following conditions (Section 21)

·        The commissioning legal parents must not be able to have a child and desire to have a one by using another woman as a surrogate mother. The commissioning parents must be in ready both physically and mentally to be parents to the child to be born.

·        The surrogate mother must not be a parent or a child of either of the commissioning parents.

·        The surrogate mother must have had a child before and, if she is married, her husband must consent. This is clearly important in reducing the likelihood that the surrogate and her family might claim rights over the child when it is born.

                              It was proposed that the Medical Council of Thailand would subsequently announce additional terms and conditions as were appropriate after consideration and approval by the Child Protection Committee to be established under the legislation.

Two types of surrogacy processes were to be permitted as follows (Section22):

·        where the fertilised embryo is produced from the parents’ own egg and sperm with intention to use a surrogate mother; and

·        where the fertilised embryo is produced from either of the commissioning parents’  sperm or egg and either the sperm or egg of a donor with the intention of using a surrogate mother as a carrier, provided that use of an egg provided by  the surrogate mother was to be  prohibited.

The terms, conditions and means of payment of the costs and expenses for the support and maintenance of the surrogate mother during pregnancy and immediately after birth were to be determined by the Medical Council with the approval of the Child Protection Committee (Section 24).

Parentage disputes arising from surrogacy in Thailand

Surrogacy arrangements are usually set out in a contract or agreement entered into between the commissioning parents and the surrogate mother. Notwithstanding this the legal status of such a contract or agreement is doubtful and agreements are often ambiguous.  Often little can be done to resolve a dispute between the parties in the absence of any relevant legislation in Thailand.  Given the recent controversy that has arisen in Thailand concerning surrogacy and a provision contained in the Thai Civil and Commercial Code that an act is void if its object is expressly prohibited by law or is impossible, or is contrary to public order or good morals it is doubtful that a surrogacy agreement could be enforced in a court of law in Thailand.

In an attempt to reduce such problems, Section 27 of the previously proposed draft surrogacy law provided that a child born through means permitted under the proposed Assisted Reproductive Technologies Act, born of a surrogate mother was to be deemed to be the legitimate child of the commissioning parents who had the intention to have the child through the ART process and not of the surrogate or other person who provide genetic material. This seems to be a sensible proposal and it is to be hoped that a similar provision will be contained in the proposed new legislation.

it was not clear in the earlier proposed legislation who was to have authority for registration of legitimsation on behalf of the commissioning parents.  In order  to protect children born as a result of surrogacy, the law needs to provide that the family and inheritance provisions of the Thai Civil and Commerce Code shall  apply mutatis mutandis to the extent that they are not contrary to or inconsistent with the proposed Act.

Presumably the Juvenile and Family Court will have authority to preside over the registration of legitimating and the commissioning parents will be able to seek a court order to be registered as the legal parents at the District Amphur Office. A provision of this type will go some way to resolving the legal issues surrounding the parental rights of the commissioning parents as well as protecting the children.

Whatever eventuates it seems that the proposed new Thai surrogacy law, if enacted, will make significant changes to the law.

The Surrogate Mother's Rights

There is presently no law which provides protection to the surrogate mother. The new law should gives the Thai Medical Council the right to stipulate the requirements and financial conditions for the care of the surrogate mother before and during all stages of the pregnancy. The terms, conditions and requirements for payment of the costs and expenses for the support and maintenance of the surrogate mother during pregnancy will be need to be determined by the Medical Council with the approval of the Child Protection Committee.

The proposed new law will probably  also make  provision regulating egg and sperm donation and storage and more generally regulate assisted reproduction.

Thai Surrogate Mothers

The proposed new laws will be an important step in regulating the surrogacy process and in providing reassurance for those seeking a to undertake a surrogacy arrangement  in Thailand.   In any event, extreme care needs to be taken in embarking on such a venture.  

 The earlier proposed draft law prohibited commercial surrogacy but did not define this term (Section 23).  It is not clear how this prohibition will be enforced given a provision in section 24 for not only payment of expenses of the surrogate but also for her support and maintenance. The proposed section 25 made it an offence to act as an intermediary or broker for surrogacy arrangements or to accept financial or other benefits in consideration for the engagement or management of surrogacy.  The proposed section 26 prohibited advertisements seeking women wishing to act as surrogates whether for commercial purposes or otherwise.

The fact that the Thai government has proposed legislation recognises the importance of the issue of surrogacy in Thailand.  It also suggests that surrogacy and IVF will continue to grow in popularity in Thailand.  Altruistic Surrogacy is permitted in many countries throughout the world which indicates that those governments have no difficulty with the concept of surrogacy. The banning of commercial surrogacy arrangements in many countries seems to stem from the proposition that it  may tend to exploit people who are vulnerable, namely, the surrogates mothers. Curiously, concept of protecting vulnerable persons from possible exploitation does not appear to be extended bythose governments to multinational corporations. Any new legislation enacted in Thailand should ensure that surrogacy arrangements are not only regulated but there is transparency in them so that there is no prospect of exploitation. A requirement that the surrogates mothers receive legal and medical advice before entering into a surrogacy agreement seems sensible and logical. In that way it could be demonstrated that the surrogates mother entered into the agreement freely and voluntarily. Any new law should also contain provisions to ensure the protection of children born through surrogacy.

Undertaking Surrogacy in Thailand

In addition to medical and financial issues it is important to consider the legal issues in embarking on a surrogacy arrangement in Thailand.  Care needs to be taken to make sure that laws in the intended parents, home country are not infringed. As there are presently no laws governing surrogacy one must proceed on the basis that whilst surrogacy is not illegal a surrogacy agreement  may be difficult to enforce under Thai law if it is breached by the surrogates.  Appropriate provision should be made in surrogacy agreements to ensure that the surrogate mother is unlikely to breach it. Agreements should also ensure that there is transparency in any arrangement between the commissioning parents and the surrogate mother.  The contractual arrangements entered into with the surrogate mother, egg donor and any third-party, such as the medical specialists and surrogacy consultants should be carefully considered and legal advice should be obtained.

Consideration needs to be given and advice obtained on the ability of the commissioning parents to be able to return to their country of origin with the child, to be at able to exercise parental rights and responsibility in respect of the child under both Thai law and the law of their country origin and the ability to obtain citizenship in that country for the child.

Prospective parents should seek legal advice from a lawyer experienced in surrogacy law before entering into a surrogacyagreement  so as to ensure that their rights and those of the child and the surrogate are adequately protected. This should include advice about the process by which the child can be properly and legally recognised as the child of the commissioning parents.

                                                                          

Thai ingredients, foods and cooking terms.

krʉ̂ʉang-bprung gaan-tam-aa-hǎan-tai

เครื่องปรุงการทำอาหารไทย

apple (ɛ́p-bpə̂n แอปเปิล)

asparagus (nɔ̀ɔ-máai-fà~ràng หน่อไม้ฝรั่ง)

avocado (à~woo-kaa-dôo อะโวคาโด้)

bamboo shoot (nɔ̀ɔ-máai หน่อไม้)

banana (glûuai กล้วย)

banana blossom ( dɔ̀ɔk glûuai ดอกกล้วย)

basil holy (gà~prao กะเพรา)

basil, Thai sweet (hǒo-rá~paa โหระพา)

bean sprouts(tùua-ngɔ̂ɔk ถั่วงอก)

bean, snake (tùua nguu ถั่ งู)

beef (nʉ́ʉa เนื้อ)

beetroot (hǔua-bìit หัวบีท)

betel leaves, wild pepper (bai chá-pluu ใบชะพลู)

biscuit (kà~nǒm-bpang-grɔ̀ɔp ขนมปังกรอบ)

black bean sauce (dtao sîi เตาซี่)

bok choy (pàk-gàat-hɔ̂ng-dtêe ผักกาดฮ่องเต้)

bread (kà~nǒm-bpang ขนมปัง)

broccoli (ká~náa คะน้า)

butter (nəəi เนย)

cabbage (gà~làm-bplii กะหล่ำปลี)

canola cooking oil (nám-man kâ~noo-lâa

น้ำมันคาโนล่า)

capsicum (prík-yùuak พริกหยวก)

cardamom (grà~waan กระวาน)

carrot (kɛɛ-rɔ̀t แครอท)

cashew nut (mét má~mûuang-hǐm-má~paan เม็ดมะม่วงหิมพานต์)

cauliflower (gà~làm-dɔ̀ɔk กะหล่ำดอก)

celery (kʉ̂n-chàai ขึ้นฉ่าย)

cheese (chíis ชีส)

cherry (chəə-rîi เชอรี่)

chicken (gài ไก่)

chicken, grilled (gài  yâang    ไก่ย่าง)

chicken stock (náam-dtôm-gàI น้ำต้มไก่)

Chillis

chilli (prík พริก)

chilli, bird's eye, mouse shit or scud chilli (prík kîi nǔu พริกขี้หนู)

chilli, large (cayenne) (prík-chíi-fáa พริกชี้ฟ้า meaning point to the sky)

chilli jam (nám-prík-pǎo น้ำพริกเผา)

chilli powder ผงพริก)

long green chilli paste (nám-prík-nùm น้ำพริกหนุ่ม)

Northern style chilli paste (nám-prík-ɔ̀ng น้ำพริกอ่อง)

sweet chilli sauce (sɔ́ɔt prík  wǎan ซอสพริกหวาน)

chips (man-fà~ràng-tɔ̂ɔt มันฝรั่งทอด)

cinnamon (sin-naa-mɔ̂n ซินนามอน)

coconut (má~práao มะพร้าว)

coconut milk (nám-gà~tí น้ำกะทิ)

coconut cream (hǔua-gà~tí หัวกะทิ)

coconut oil (nám-man-má~práao  น้ำมันมะพร้าว)

coffee ( gaa-fɛɛ กาแฟ)

condiment (krʉ̂ʉang-bprung-rót เครื่องปรุงรส)

coriander (pàk-chii ผักชี)

coriander leaves (bai pàk-chii ใบผักชี)

coriander seeds (mét pàk-chii เม็ดผักชี)

coriander root (râak pàk-chii รากผักชี)

corn (kâao-pôot ข้าวโพด)

cornflour (bpɛ̂ɛng-kâao-pôot แป้งข้าวโพด)

crab (bpuu ปู)

blue swimmer crab (bpuu máa ปูม้า)

mud crab (bpuu-tá~lee ปูทะเล)

cucumber (dtɛɛng-gwaa แตงกวา)

cumin (tiian-kǎao เทียนขาว)

Curries

curry (gɛɛng แกง)

curry powder (pǒng-gà~rìi ผงกะหรี่)

curry paste (krʉ̂ʉang-gɛɛng เครื่องแกง)

red curry (gɛɛng pèt แกงเผ็ด)

green curry (gɛɛng kǐiao wǎan แกงเขียวหวาน)

gaeng som (gɛɛng-sôm แกงส้ม soupy, salty, sweet and sour curry eg. Gaeng Som Pla แกงส้มปลา

jungle curry (gɛɛng bpàa แกงป่า)

Massaman curry paste (krʉ̂ʉang gɛɛng Mát sà~màn เครื่องแกงมัสมั่น)

Northern Thai curry noodles (kâao-sɔɔi ข้าวซอ)

Panang curry paste (krʉ̂ʉang-gɛɛng-pá~nɛɛng เครื่องแกงพะแนง)

sweet and sour curry soup (gɛɛng-sôm แกงส้ม)

yellow curry (gɛɛng lʉ̌ʉang แกงเหลือง)

Nan Ngiaw (nám-ngiaw น้ำเงี้ยว)

daikon (hǔua-pàk-gàat หัวผักกาด)

dessert (kà~nǒm ขนม)

duck (bpèt เป็ด)

duck breast (òk bpèt อกเป็ด)

durian (tú-riian ทุเรียน)

egg (kài ไข่)

fried egg (kài-daao ไข่ดาว)

omelette (kài-jiiao ไข่เจียว)

boiled egg (kài-dtôm-yaang-má~dtuum ไข่ต้มยามะตูม)

hard boiled egg (kài-dtôm ไข่ต้ม)

soft boiled egg (kài-lûuak ไข่ลวก)

scrambled eggs  (kài-dtii ไข่)

egg noodles (bà~mìi บะหมี่)

eggplant (má~kʉ̌ʉa มะเขือ)

fennel (yîi-ràa ยี่หร่า)

fish (bplaa ปลา)

fish sauce (nám-bplaa น้ำปลา)

fish cake (tɔ̂ɔt-man-bplaa ทอดมันปลา)

fermented (rotten) fish paste (bplaa-ra ปลารัา)

fish cake (tɔ̂ɔt-man-bplaa ทอดมันปลา)

gɛɛng-sôm แกงส้ม fish soup in Thailand, like Gaeng Som Pla (Sour Soup) แกงส้มปลา.

flour (bpɛ̂ɛng แป้ง)

galangal (kàa ข่า)

garlic (grà~tiiam กระเทียม)

garlic chives (gui-châai กุยช่ายค)

pickled garlic (grà~tiiam dɔɔng กระเทียมดอง)

ginger (kǐng ขิง)

pickled ginger (kǐng dɔɔng  ขิงดอง)

gourd (nám-dtâo น้ำเต้า)

grape (à~ngùn องุ่น)

pink grapefruit (gréep-frút เกรพฟรุตชมพู)

guava (fà~ràng ฝรั่ง)

mixed herbs (sà~mǔn-prai ruuam สมุนไพรรวม)

honey (nám-pʉ̂ng น้ำผึ้ง)

jackfruit (kà~nǔn ขนุน)

khao soi (kâao-sɔɔi ข้าวซอย)

kidney (dtai ไต)

lamb (lûuk-gɛ̀ ลูกแกะ)

lemongrass (dtà~krái ตะไคร้)

lettuce (pàk-gàat ผักกาด)

kaffir lime leaves (bai-má~grùut ใบมะกรูด)

lime (má~naao ะนาว)

lime juice (nám má~naao น้ำมะนาว)

lime rind (bplʉ̀ʉak má~naao เปลือกะนาว)

liver (dtàp ตับ)

lettuce (pàk-gàat ผักกาด)

longan (lam-yai ลำไย)

lychee (lín-jìi ลิ้นจี่)

mango (má~mûuang มะม่วง)

mangosteen (mang-kút มังคุด)

mayonnaise (nám-râat-sà~làt น้ำราดสลัด)

meatball (lûuk-chín ลูกชิ้น)

milk (nom นม)

minced meat salad, ground meat, chopped meat, minced meat (lâap ลาบ)

mint (sà~rá~nɛ̀ɛ สะระแหน่)

MSG (pǒng-chuu-rót ผงชูรส)

mushroom (hèt เห็ด)

mussels (hɔ̌ɔi-mhètá~lɛɛng-pûu หอยแมลงภู่)

mustard greens (pàk-gàat- kîiao-bplii ผักกาดเขียวปลี)

nam jim (nám-jîm น้ำจิ้ม)

noodles, rice (gǔuai-dtǐiao ก๋วยเตี๋ยว)

noodles, glass (wún-sên วุ้นเส้น)

noodles, egg (bà~mìi บะหมี่)

Thai spaghetti (vermicelli) noodles (kà~nǒm-jiin

ขนมจีน)

thin noodles (sên-lék เส้นเล็ก)

thick noodles (sên-yài เส้นใหญ่)

noodles, boat (gǔuai-dtǐiao rʉʉa ก๋วยเตี๋ยวเรือ)

nutmeg (lûuk-jan-têet ลูกจันเทศ)

olive (má~gɔ̀ɔk มะกอก)

olive oil (nám-man-má~gɔ̀ɔk น้ำมันมะกอก)

onion (hǔua-hɔ̌ɔm หัวหอม)

orange (sôm ส้ม)

oyster (hɔ̌ɔi-naang-rom หอยนางรม)

oyster sauce (nam man hoi น้ำมันหอย)

papaya (má~lá~gɔɔ มะละกอ)

Thai papaya salad (sôm-dtam ส้มตำ)

passion fruit (sǎo-wá~rót เสาวรส)

peanuts (tùua-lí-sǒng ถั่วลิสง)

peanut butter (nəəi-tùua เนยถั่ว)

peanut oil  (nám-man tùua-lí-sǒng น้ำมันถั่วลิสง)

pea (tùua ถั่ว)

snow pea (tùua-lan-dtao ถั่วลันเตา)

pepper, black  (prík-tai-dam พริกไทยดำ)

pepper, white (prík-tai-kǎaoพริกไทยขาว)

pineapple (sàp-bpà~rót สับปะรด)

pomegranate (táp-tim ทับทิม)

pomelo (sôm-oo ส้มโอ)

poultry (bpèt-gài เป็ดไก่)

pork (mǔu หมู)

pork crackling (kɛ̂ɛp-mǔu แคบหมู)

pork, crispy (mǔu grɔ̀ɔp หมูกรอบ)

pork, red (mǔu dɛɛng หมูแดง)

pork rib (sîi-kroong mǔu ซี่โครงหมู)

pork belly (mǔu-sǎam-chán หมูสามชั้น)

wild boar (mǔu-bpàa หมูป่า)

potato (man-fà~ràng มันฝรั่ง)

prawn (gûng กุ้ง)

pumpkin (fák-tɔɔng ฟักทอง)

quail (nók-grà~taa นกกระทา)

rabbit (grà~dtàai กระต่าย)

radish (hua phak kat หัวผักกาด)

rambutan (ngɔ́ เงาะ)

rice (kâao ข้าว)

rice flour (bpɛ̂ɛng-kâao แป้งข้าว)

sticky rice (kâao-nǐiao ข้าวเหนียว)

Jasmine rice (kâao-sǔuai ข้าวสวย)

rice soup (kâao-dtôm ข้าวต้ม)

rice stick noodles (gǔuai-dtǐiao ก๋วยเตี๋ยว)

rice vinegar (nám-sôm-sǎai-chuu kâao  น้ำส้มสายข้าว)

rose apple (chom-pûu ชมพู่)

salad (sà~làt สลัด)

tossed Thai salad (yam ยำ)

sausage (sâi-grɔ̀ɔk ไส้กรอก)

Chiang Mai sausage (sâi-ùua ไส้อั่ว)

salt (glʉʉa เกลือ)

scallop (hɔ̌ɔi-pát หอยพัด)

seafood (aa-hǎan-tá~lee อาหารทะเล)

sesame oil (nám-man ngaa น้ำมันงา)

sesame seeds (mét ngaa เม็ดงา)

shallots or spring onions (dtôn-hɔ̌ɔm ต้นหอม)

Thai shallots (hɔ̌ɔm-dɛɛng หอมแดง)

golden-fried, crispy Thai shallots (hɔ̌ɔm-dɛɛng grɔ̀ɔp หอมแดงกรอบ)

crispy fried shallots (hɔ̌ɔm-dɛɛng tɔ̂ɔt grɔ̀ɔp หอมแดงทอดกรอบ)

shrimp paste (gà~bpì กะปิ)

dried shrimp (gûng-hɛ̂ng กุ้งแห้ง)

snow pea (tùua-lan-dtao ถั่วลันเตา)

soybean (má~lét-tùua-lʉ̌ʉang เมล็ดถั่วเหลือง)

fermented soybean (má~lét-tùua-lʉ̌ʉang bùut เมล็ดถั่วเหลืองบูด)

soy sauce (sii-íu ซีอิ)

dark soy sauce (sii-íu dam ซีอิดำ)

spaghetti (sà~bpaa-gét-dtîi สปาเก็ตตี้)

spinach (buai leng ปวยเล้ง)

star amise (bpóoi-gák โป๊ยกั๊ก)

strawberry (sà~dtrɔɔ-bəə-rîi สตรอเบอรี่)

stock (náam-dtôm น้ำต้ม)

squid (bplaa-mʉ̀k ปลาหมึก)

palm sugar (nám-dtaan น้ำตาล)

sweet potato (man-têet มันเทศ)

tabasco sauce (tâa-bâs-gôo ทาบาสโก)

tamarind paste (má~kǎam bpìiak น้ำะขามเปียก)

tamarind water (nám-má~kǎam น้ำจิ้มมะขาม)

tea (chaa ชา)

tofu (dtâo-hûu เต้าหู้)

tomato (má~kʉ̌ʉa-têet มะเขือเทศ)

tomato paste (waang-má~kʉ̌ʉa-têet วางมะเขือเทศ)

tuna (tuu-nâa ยำทูน่า)

turmeric (kà~mîn ขมิ้น)

vegetable oil (nám-man-pʉ̂ʉt น้ำมันพืช)

vinegar (nám-sôm น้ำส้ม)

red wine vinegar (nám-sôm waai dɛɛng น้ำส้มไวแดง)

rice vinegar (nám-sôm น้ำส้ม)

wasabi (hǔua-waa-saa-bì หัววาซาบ)

watermelon (dtɛɛng-moo แตงโม)

water (náam น้ำ)

red wine (waai dɛɛng  ไวแดง)

Chinese wine (waai jiin ไวน์จีน)

yellow bean curd, tofu (dtâo-hûu lʉ̌ʉang เต้าหู้เหลือง)

zucchini (bùuap-fà~ràng บวบฝรั่ง)

Cooking terms

add or put in (sai ไส) as in ไส่กะปิ (add kapi)

bake (òp อบ)

barbecue(n) (dtà~grɛɛng-yâang ตะแกรงย่าง)

bitter (kǒm ขม)

blanch (vegetables), soft-boil (an egg) (lûuak ลวก)

bland, tasteless (jʉ̀ʉt  จืด)

blood (lʉ̂ʉat เลือด)

boil (dtôm ต้ม)

bowl (chaam ชาม)

chopsticks (dtà~gìiap ตะเกียบ)

condiments (krʉ̂ʉang-bprung เครื่องปรุง)

cook (tam-aa-hǎan ทอาหาร)

        (tam-gàp-kâao  ทกับข้าว)

cookware (krʉ̂ʉang-kruua เครื่องครัว)

cooking pot (mɔ̂ɔ หม้อ)

crispy (krop กรอบ)

can, tin (grà~bpɔ̌ng กระป๋อง)

chop (hàn หั่น)

chopsticks (dtà~gìiap ตะเกียบ)

condiments (khrueang brung เครื่องปรุง)

cup (tûuai ถ้วย)

dip (jîm จิ้ม)

whole fish (paesa แป๊ะซะ)

flavour, seasoning, spice (rót รส)

fork (sɔ̂m ส้อม)

fry, stir (pàt ผัด)

fry, deep (tɔ̂ɔt ทอด)

fry, omelet (jiiao เจียว)

frying pan, wok (grà~tá กระทะ)

glass (gɛ̂ɛo แก้ว)

grill (yâang ย่าง)

knife (mîit มีด)

medium, when referring to meat (sùk sùk dìp dìp สุกๆดิบๆ medium, when referring to meat

microwave (mai-kroo-wéep ไมโครเวฟ)

mince (sàp สับ)

mortar (krók ครก)

oven (dtao-òp เตาอบ)

peel a fruit or vegetable (lɔ̂ɔk ลอก)

pestle (sàak สาก)

plate (jaan จาน)

piece (of food) (chín ชิ้น)

pound (bùp บุบ) as in mortar and pestle

rare (mâi-sùk-mâak ไม่สุกมาก)

rice cooker (mɔ̂ɔ-hǔng-kâao หม้อหุงข้าว)

roast, grill, barbecue (yâang ย่าง)

roast (kûua คั่ว)

Thai salad (yam ยำ)

saucepan (grà~tá-tɔ́ɔng-bɛn กระทะท้องแบน)

serve with (sə̀əp gàp เสิร์กับ)

sieve (grà~chɔɔn กระชอน)

simmer (kîiao เคี่ยว)

on skewer(cl) (máai ไม้)

slice (piece) (chín ชิ้น)

to slice, carve (lɛ̂ɛ แล่)

spin (fruit) (bpàn ปั่น)

spoon (chɔ́ɔn ช้อน)

steam (nʉ̂ng นึ่ง)

stew or simmer (lǒn หลน)

stew (dtǔn ตุ๋น)

stove (dtao เตา)

toast  (v) (bpîng ปิ้ง)

vegetarian (jee เจ)

well done (sùk sùk สุกสุก)

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